Environment, Slavery and Agency in Colonial Uruguay, 1750–1810* (2024)

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Emiliano Travieso

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

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Spain

etravies@clio.uc3m.es

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Past & Present, gtad031, https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtad031

Published:

11 April 2024

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Abstract

In colonial Uruguay black slaves could supervise the work of white creoles and even hold the power to have their wages docked. To most historians this might seem puzzling and almost fictional in the context of the colonial Americas. This article makes sense of the puzzle by examining interactions between the economy and the environment on the Río de la Plata frontier. It argues that the natural world (soils, topography, climate, crops and animals) contributes to explain why this labour system existed, and also why it was efficient, contrary to the historiographical commonplace that enslaved workers would be unable to oversee free labourers effectively. Looking at the experience of both women and men through the lens of gender uncovers the parallels between the authority of these enslaved foremen over free male workers on the open range and their domestic authority over free women, whom they could marry. Their stories invite historians of other places and periods to foreground the environment in the set of structures that can either limit workers’ autonomy or give them strength.

© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Past and Present Society, Oxford. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights)

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